The Documentary Freedom Summer - 908 Words

After watching the documentary Freedom Summer, I find the part on how SNCC was using the Freedom Summer against white supremacy really appealing to me. In the movie, white supremacy brought both challenges and opportunities for SNCC to implement its movement. The dominant white supremacy begins with the racial segregation, and the segregation is the origin of the political and economic inequality. This segregation in large has created this natural social hierarchy which has pushed the African American into the terrible living conditions with less-working skilled job opportunities. Education segregation is also a huge component of this white supremacy. Recalling the documentary, SNCC was unable to encourage most African Americans of the region to stand-up to claim their voting rights due to their lack of knowledge about the constitutional system. In response to this predicament, SNCC founded the Mississippi Freedom Schools and set up classes to prepare people to register to vote. To make the school more practical, SNCC not only selected their applicants from the white upper-middle class, but also evaluated the applicant s class ranking and education level. This recruiting technique has provided a solid foundation for the freedom schools. The organizers also considered this recruiting technique with a different perspective. These wealthy upper-middle class well-educated candidates were likely to become the leaders in the society. SNCC recruiting them will help them toShow MoreRelatedPolitics And Policy : Politics, Policy And Journalism1211 Words   |  5 Pagesand documentaries from the demise of labour to the rise of SNP and even the Independence referendum! They say that nothing you do will ever truly stay local and that is certainly true for my interest in politics, as time progressed I found myself more infatuated with not only the Scottish political scene but that of Westminster and the recent Brexit referendum. Gaining an understanding of just exactly how democracy in the UK works. My interest in international politics was due to a documentary calledRead MoreOutfoxed Analysis1082 Words   |  5 PagesEven though it is politically one-sided, I think that Outfoxed: Rupert Murdochs War on Journalism, is a highly effective liberal activist documentary. I would recommend the film because it sets out to prove something and it does so. Ill bet anything that it will make (or has made) the blood of both liberals and conservatives boil, if for different reasons. When Rupert Murdoch launched Fox News in 1996, its CEO (or Chairman, 1 of the 2!) Roger Ailes said, Wed like to be premier journalists andRead MoreEssay On Freedom Riders738 Words   |  3 PagesThe Freedom Riders were remarkable, fearless Americans. They were extraordinary, ordinary people . . . young people who took the reins of history and wouldnt let go.† -Mark Samels, American Experience Executive Producer. This documentary showed a very dark time of American history, but in the dark is where the heroes come along. The people who took a stand and took part in the Freedom Rider is truly brave, and fearless, they are the people who made the America. Originally the Freedom Riders startedRead MoreA Interview On A Documentary Terms And Conditions May Apply On The Internet946 Words   |  4 PagesAbout two summers ago I watched a documentary titled Terms and Conditions May Apply which was released in 2013 not long after Edward Snowden became a household name. The documentary, while I do not remember it in its entirety, did focus on much of what Steven Rambam discusses in regards to the information that we willingly give up. After viewing it, I was scared out of my pants but still did nothing to change my patterns because of a dependence that Rambam mentions but also partially due to the factRead More Cambridge Admissions Essay817 Words   |  4 Pagesmy disappointment, they were much more alarmed than amused. Dont you talk nonsense in school, Grandma warned me. Youll bring us trouble. With hindsight, I have realized that her reproach was no more than an attempt to protect what little freedom we did have. Back then, I knew only enough to keep my mouth shut, but I could not shut my mind off to questions that sprang up the more I listened, questions that shattered my faith in what I was taught. Like a small window that opened unto anotherRead MoreFinal Art Review: Marina Abramovic805 Words   |  3 Pagesthe 72 objects laying on the table behind her. The purpose of this performance was to test the limit of the relationship between performer and audience. It was a little crazy. I realized then that the public could kill you. If you give them total freedom, they will become frenzied enough to kill you, said Marina on her interview with The Guardian back on October 2010. This piece indeed affirms her essential notion in doing performance art. She did value the relationship between performer and audienceRead MoreEssay on The Killer Angels by Michael Sharra1446 Words   |  6 Pagesof the four-day battle. This permits for a more personalized account of the war. As viewers, we must keep in mind that the film is based off a fictitious book. What that means, is that the film should not be considered a documentary nor an actual account of what happened in summer of 1863. What the film does do for viewers is, boost interest in a real life event by providing an understanding of how horrific the battle was. The sun rises, the mist evaporates, and the dew vanishes. June 30th, 1863Read MoreThomas A. Dorsey and Gospel Music Essay622 Words   |  3 Pagesthe organ at church. Between 1914 and 1920, the Great Migration saw countless African Americans move North looking for a better life. As Dorsey remembered of his decision to move North, [T]hey said it was a place of freedom. I was looking for that. And it was freer. The freedom and opportunity sought by Dorsey and his fellow migrants found expression in an explosion of new music in Chicago-jazz, blues, and gospel. Soon Chicagos thriving music scene attracted African Americans from all over theRead MoreGraduation Speech : College Experience Essay1371 Words   |  6 PagesThe Americanization of going to college is idolized, treasured, and held at a historic prestige here in the United States. You put your hope, hard earned money from summer jobs, faith, endless tears, ACT scores, missing high school football games, slaving away your weekends, and giving up your entire â€Å"social life† at the age of seventeen is an epidemic. In the end you’re doing it to get a piece of paper delivered to you in the mail. You pace back and forth, you constantly pester the mailman and evenRead MoreMahatma Gandhi : An Important Contribution Of Society925 Words   |  4 Pageswearing a shirt and cap and resolved to wearing only a lion-cloth in Septemb er of 1921 (Gee N.P). Gandhi’s simple lifestyle helped him and others recognize what’s important to them in life, and guided them to valuable ways to fight for equality and freedom. The first South African War began in 1880 and lasted for a year. This war has been called the Transvaal Rebellion because the Boers (descendants of the original Dutch settlers of southern Africa) of the Transvaal revolted against the British annexation

What are Traditions - 821 Words

A tradition family consists of a mom, a dad and a few kids. This is societies version of a â€Å"normal family†, which is accepted by all states in the US, legally and socially. However, people who identify themselves in the Lesbian, Gay Bisexual, and Trans-gender community want to be parents as well. This is not what the majority of Americans see as normal, and there are stigmas and myths that take a hold of these parents and they are discriminated against because of the stigmas and the stereotypes that people can hold against them. In research, LGBT parents are more than capable of parenting, and they do just as well as heterosexual parents. More specifically, looking at studies with adolescents show that the more open the parent(s) is with them, the tighter a relationship, as with any other heterosexual parenting style. There are also legal aspects of child custody and how sexual and familial identities are played in a court of law. LGBT Parents v. Heterosexual Parents Definitions LGBT stands for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender. It is a community who all define themselves in one of these ways. Zastrows book Human Behavior defines the word homosexual refers to â€Å"being attracted primarily to someone of the same gender to satisfy sexual and emotional needs† (p. 582). To go further to define a few more words, Zastrow also refers to bisexual as â€Å"romantically and sexually attracted to members of either gender† (p. 583). He also goes to define transgender as groups ofShow MoreRelatedWhat Is A Long Lasting Tradition Essay866 Words   |  4 PagesLong Lasting Tradition We walk in and the atmosphere fills me with joy; I hear children yelling on roller coasters, the amazing aroma of greasy, fried pork rinds, seeing smiles everywhere, it just sets the mood of having a great day. My family and I are at the famous theme park, Silver Dollar City. We have had a lasting tradition of visiting, every Christmas holiday and enjoying the sights and sounds of this amazing place. Our first stop is the store, Christmas Hollow, where Christmas is everywhereRead MoreWhat The Tradition Teaches About Life After Death1496 Words   |  6 Pages1. Explain what the tradition teaches about life after death and why this belief is significant to members of this religious tradition Many people are not sure about life after death but the Catholic Church teaches otherwise. The Scriptures teach that it is natural to die. â€Å"There is a season for everything†¦ A time for giving birth, a time for dying.†- Ecclesiastes 3:1-2. For Christians, the meaning to death is found in the life, death and resurrection of Jesus Christ, which Catholics celebrate inRead MoreTo What Extent Do Conservatives Believe in Tradition and Continuity1160 Words   |  5 PagesTradition is based on practices, ideas and institutions that have passed through time and has been produced from its earliest of origins. Conservatives stress the importance of tradition as it allows continuity between different time frames, traditional conservatives are against change so tradition creates a bases of society staying the same for examples, in terms of being hierarchical. The terms of tradition has caused conflict within conservatism as the New Right – the neoliberals and neoconserva tivesRead MoreWhat can the examination of religious texts tell us about a religious tradition?1412 Words   |  6 Pagesdeeper into their meaning, and the life that surrounds them, and indeed what meanings are associated with the text being studied. Religious text usually take the form of the stories, laws and interpretations of ancient events, these texts have usually been handed down by word of mouth. It is these texts that form the basis and foundation of a belief system and also a resource for the practical belief systems, and traditions of that said religion. Often it is the religious texts that give the religionRead MoreSimilarities between Oral and Literary Traditions663 Words   |  3 PagesWhen thinking of oral traditions and literary traditions they both have their own similarities. Oral tradition is information that is passed down from generations by words that is not written down. On the hand literary tradition would be a language that is written and well spoken. It also makes whatever is written down permanent. Both are similar but slightly different from another. Before the literary tradition of written texts, oral tradition passed tales of gods, heroes, and other memorable mortalsRead MoreThe Lottery By Shirley J ackson And The Sisterhood Of The Night901 Words   |  4 Pagesregulations of a tradition. Observing a tradition is a form of togetherness among every individual and it must be practiced in the right way. Tradition plays an important role in the lives of villagers and it also shines light on how customs and tradition should be practiced according to the way our ancestors have done it in the past. However, it is not one person or a group of people’s idea, it is a laid down rules and laws that can never be changed by anyone regardless of what the situation mightRead MoreHabits of the Heart793 Words   |  4 PagesTipton, introduce four traditions that contribute to making up a culture. The first tradition is the biblical tradition followed by the republican tradition , the utilitarian individualism and expressive individualism. All four of these traditions combine to make up the culture in which everyone in the world lives. My ideal culture would consist of 40% of the repu blican tradition, 30% of utilitarian individualism, 25% of expressive individualism, and 5% of the biblical tradition. I believe that ifRead MoreThe Origin Of Culture And The False Perception958 Words   |  4 Pagesthere are several denominations where their doctrinal beliefs and traditions are followed religiously. Through the story of the â€Å"Traditions of the Elders† in Mark 7, this paper focuses on the origin of culture and the false perception it gives that is was created by God. Although culture religious traditions can have association with God, culture and religious traditions are not are not from God and can prevent people from doing what God wants Context Mark 7:1-8 begins with the Pharisees and the scribesRead MoreAnalysis Of Gandhi s Reclaiming A Tradition And Making It Your Own 1246 Words   |  5 Pagesviewpoint that Gandhi has on some of the traditions that are present in the Indian culture. The title of his piece ‘Reclaiming a Tradition and Making It Your Own’ is exactly what he writes about, because Gandhi takes his form of Hinduism and he molds the traditions to be more flexible to his own ideas and interests. The reason for this article is to describe how Gandhi and his fellow Indians took parts of their own religion and reformed some of the original traditions which they had believed had becomeRead MoreComparing Marxist Tradition With French Tradition847 Words   |  4 Pages Comparing and Contrasting Marxist Tradition With French Tradition: Essay #2 Karl Marx was probably the first theorist to identify significantly with key features of all three traditions (Levine 212), and while he did identify with all three, the French Tradition seemed to mesh with Marx more than the other two traditions. The Marxist Tradition, and the French Tradition compare and contrast due to their similar views of â€Å"perfect† society, politics, and freedom within a society. The idea of a

Reduced scale Free Essays

string(293) " the registration and licensing of Cacaos, prudential requirements, standard forms of accounts, co-operate governance, amalgamations, divisions and liquidations; establishment of a COCO Regulatory Authority, savings protection insurance, and setting up a Central Liquidity Fund, among others\." The reforms aimed at the eradication of poverty and unemployment challenges through substantial recovery and improvement or productivity of investment economizing the private sector as the main engine of growth. In discussing the issues of the liberalizing of cooperative policies practices and legislation its clear that the societies have both successes and failures. Successes of the liberalizing of cooperatives up to date To the cooperative movement, liberalizing measures were put in place with a view to create commercially autonomous member-based cooperatives that would be democratically and professionally managed; self-controlled; and self-reliant. We will write a custom essay sample on Reduced scale or any similar topic only for you Order Now To this effect in 1997 government published Session Paper No. 6 of 1997 on â€Å"Co-operatives n a Liberalized Economic Environment† to provide the new policy framework for the necessary reforms. To date the role of the government was redefined from control to regulatory and facilitative in nature. The Ministry of Co-operative Development duties were confined to registration and liquidation of co-operative societies; enforcement of the Co-operative Societies Act; formulation of co-operative policy; advisory and creation of conducive environment for co-operative growth and development; registration of co-operative audits; and carrying out of inquiries, investigations and inspections which is still applicable today. Successfully also was the enforcement of co-operative principles of voluntary and open Membership; democratic member control; member-economic participation; autonomy and independence; education, training and information; co-operation among cooperatives; and concern for community. The reforms have given autonomy to individuals will to Join or leave the cooperatives, which is still effectively being practiced, up to date. The 1966 Co- operative Societies Act was repealed and replaced by the Co-operative Societies Act, No. 2 of 1997 the new Co-operative Societies Act served to reduced government involvement in the day-to-day management of co-operatives. Cooperatives were granted authority to rule over themselves from the previous state controls by transferring the management duties in co-operatives from the Commissioner for Co- operative Development to the members through their duly elected management committees. This trend is still applicable up to date where by members have the discre tion to make policies through Coco’s that benefit them. Co-operatives were no longer required to seek the permission of the Commissioner to invest, spend or borrow. They were now free to borrow against part or the whole of their properties if heir by-laws allowed, provided the annual general meeting approved such borrowing which is still applicable today. The reforms have also given cooperatives the power to hire and fire grade staff without the commissioners consent. The cooperative movement as a result of liberalizing has seen a growth in the cooperative movement with a growth in 2004 of 10,642 cooperatives in Kenya and currently the number is increasing rapidly with the inception of other better laws such as the new constitution. Despite the reducing trend of membership surprisingly there’s an increase in member registration in Coco’s over the years up to date new CACAOS are being formed even among the self-employed persons in the informal AU Kali) and agricultural sectors, which is a complete departure from the past where these co-operatives were only formed among the employed persons in the urban areas. To this extent, it can be said that liberation has transformed the cooperative movement and that many citizens are appreciative of it. Liberalizing of the cooperative movement has transformed the structural organization of cooperatives. The inefficient cooperative unions are increasingly loosing their members, for cooperative societies now have the freedom to seek better service provision from there organizations or make provision for such services on their own. Another advantage is that Agricultural co-operative unions have particularly been affected through monopoly. For instance, in the dairy sub-sector, co-operative societies were affiliated to the Kenya Cooperative Creameries (KC) that monopolized the processing and marketing of milk up to the early sass’s. It is in these circumstances that some of them like Guthrie and Lemur dairy co-operative societies have put up their own milk processing plants that are still running up to date. With this, vertical integration f cooperatives in the dairy sector has virtually collapsed as cooperative societies now have the freedom to sell their produce to any willing buyer rather than KC and some of the societies have put up their own milk processing plants to offer the services previously provided by KC. Despite all that, non-agricultural co-operative unions have remained vibrant, particularly those in the financial sector, and have subsequently maintained the vertical structure of the cooperative movement. For example, to date Kenya Union of Savings and Credit Cooperative (COUSCOUS) brings gather over 2,600 active COCO societies with a membership of over two million while the Kenya Rural Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies Union KEIRETSU has 45 active rural COCO societies with a membership of 1. 5 million. These unions serve as the mouthpieces of the respective CACAOS in the country; a feat that has helped the unions continue to attract rather than loose membership. COUSCOUS also provides common shared services like education and training; business development, consultancy and research; risk management; and the inter-lending program for CACAOS called Central Finance Program. These services have attracted CACAOS to main loyal members of COUSCOUS, and helping it attain the status of the largest COCO movement in Sub-Sahara Africa. Successfully with the current liberalizing of cooperatives most of the cooperative organizations are functioning without reference to the apex organization. The role of spokesperson and representative of the cooperative movement is increasingly being played by national cooperative organizations and cooperative unions. As an example, COUSCOUS being the mother of all Coco’s now stands out as the mouth-piece and advocate of CACAOS in all matters that affect the development and growth of these cooperatives. COUSCOUS has been vibrant in the recent past by being vocal, in opposing the retrenchment of employee’s as that would affect the membership of Cacaos. Even more significantly, COUSCOUS was recently involved in the formulation of the yet to be debated and enacted COCO Act that sets out to make special provisions for the registration and licensing of Cacaos, prudential requirements, standard forms of accounts, co-operate governance, amalgamations, divisions and liquidations; establishment of a COCO Regulatory Authority, savings protection insurance, and setting up a Central Liquidity Fund, among others. You read "Reduced scale" in category "Papers" In the circumstances, the collapse of the vertical organization of the cooperative movement in the country is increasingly becoming evident. Another success of the liberalizing is that with liberalizing of the economy, banks such as The Cooperative Bank of Kenya have opened shareholding to individual members of co-operative societies as was duly recommended by their societies in 1996. The bank has however, retained its association with the co-operative movement by restricting 70% of the shares to co-operatives while individual members of societies hold only 30% of the shares and are not entitled to attend the annual general meeting of the ann.. This has helped to keep out private shareholders who might have bought out the bank as has been the case in other African countries. The coming of this policy framework also saw the International Cooperative Alliance’s (CA) cooperative principles of voluntary and open membership, democratic member control; member- economic participation, autonomy and independence, education, training, cooperation among cooperatives; and concern for community became formally incorporated in the cooperative policy. The 1997 policy failed to provide for the separation of the responsibilities of elected management committees from managerial staff responsibilities. Consequently, management decisions were still made by elected leaders that may not be qualified managers. In such response to the inadequacies of the 1997 policy, the Ministry formulated a revised policy framework titled â€Å"Kenya Cooperative Development Policy 2008†. The 2008 policy themed at ‘expanding the economic space for sustainable cooperative growth in Kenya’, focused on restructuring, strengthening and transforming cooperatives into vibrant economic entities that can confront the challenges of wealth creation, employment creation and poverty reduction as private business ventures. To date the policy is still up and running. After the fall of Kenya National Federation of Cooperatives KNIFE, the interim Board started developing the strategy in 2007 by holding provincial consultative meetings that focused on how to revive the organization. This culminated in the National Cooperative Leaders Conference in November in 2007, which endorsed a new governance structure, revised By-Laws (2008) and a new funding strategy. The revised By-Laws (Kenya National Federation of Cooperatives, Bibb) proposed a governance structure consisting of a secretariat composed of the Executive Director ND four heads of sections; a technical committee comprising of the Chief Executive Officers of Nachos; the General Assembly as the supreme authority consisting of 75 elected delegates; and the National Governing Council as the executive authority comprising of eight Chairmen of Nachos, seven elected regional representatives, the Commissioner for Cooperative Development and the Executive Director. The By-Laws also address the need for strengthening of the financial capacity of KNIFE, as they propose a graduated scale of annual contribution by members based on the type of cooperative organization and annual turnover. This amends have helped to shape the federation up to date with increased number of people. The revitalization program has charted a new direction for the organization, as it restricted its activities to the core objective for which it was formed. That is, to be the mouth-piece of the cooperative movement in Kenya by engaging in advocacy, lobbying, collaboration and networking activities. At the end of the revitalization process, the investment in institutional capacity building of KNIFE should has enabled it to address wealth creation and poverty alleviation of the cooperative movement. Liberalizing has rough about growth of banks such as the Cooperative Bank of Kenya. The Bank has not only been instrumental in providing banking services to cooperatives, but has also been the source of affordable credit for the cooperative movement. For instance, today it lends approximately EKES 3. 5 billion (USED $46. Million) annually to Cacaos, in order to increase their liquidity levels so that they can meet member demands for loans associated with school fees. Moreover, the Cooperative Bank still serves as a mechanism through which most donors to the agricultural sector, particularly those that produce coffee, can channel their support. This has allowed the Cooperative Bank to network with many donors, such as Food Aid Organization (FAA), and the European Union, among others. I n the financial sector, CACAOS are also increasingly becoming innovative by developing new products to enhance their income. For instance there’s some diversification of traditional products of savings and credit of Coco’s by introducing Front Surviving liberalizing: the cooperative movement in Kenya Front Office Service Activity (FOSS). FOSS offers services that members can use to process their monthly salary, while having access to instant cash advances (based n their salary) and maintaining withdrawal savings deposits. Currently, slightly over 250 CACAOS operate with this activity in Kenya. In addition, the COCO movement is quickly spreading from its traditional urban and wage employment strongholds into the agricultural sector in rural areas and informal economy. As a success liberalizing has enabled the setup of free market cooperative entities that have led many people to derive their Jobs from marketing products produced by cooperatives. For instance, dairy cooperatives produce various products such as fresh ilk, ghee, butter and yoghurt; while other agricultural cooperatives market coffee, fish, pyrometer and eggs. These products are then passed on to other entities to market to retailers, wholesalers and consumers. To date this trend continues and has helped reduce poverty and provide employment as it was the expectation of the 1996 framework policy paper. Liberalizing has made Cooperatives to be sources of income by generating opportunities for many people, particularly members of cooperatives. In 2007, primary cooperatives in the agricultural sector had a membership of 1 approximately 50% of whom were estimated to be active. The CACAOS had 6,286,894 members, 98% whom were active in the lending activities of their cooperatives. The other non-agricultural primary cooperatives had a total membership of 334,000, with approximately 50 per cent active. These figures are clear pointers to the significant contribution of cooperatives to poverty reduction and poverty prevention in Kenya to date. This is particularly true as most of the income generated from cooperatives is mainly used to address long-term poverty prevention measures. Liberalizing has brought focus on cooperatives to the core activities of operatives, including agribusiness, entrepreneurship, savings and credit advancement regulations, leadership and governance of cooperatives, and the economic benefits of membership in cooperatives, among others. It is apparent that any cooperative that doesn’t provide Economic gains in Kenya tends to be deserted by the members. This is evidenced by dormancy that cooperatives are currently experiencing. A few activities of such successful cooperative ventures could be viewed as attempts at offering social protection to the members and this has brought the growth in some cooperatives in the country. As an advantage the framework policy has seen transformation of the cooperative movement where benevolent funds have been introduced in most CACAOS to which members contribute regularly and only draw from them when they are bereaved. The schemes define the relatives in whose death the member would get assistance to meet the burial expenses, as well as the respective amount of money to which he/ she would be entitled. Gracefully the institutionalizing of the framework paper policy and liberalizing has seen the transformation of the Cooperative Insurance Company(ClC). This company has the ore business of giving protection against risks associated with operation of cooperative enterprise, as well as cooperators themselves. Significant ICC has also developed a micro-finance insurance scheme specifically for covering savings of micro-finance institutions (Miff) in case a person with a loan passes away before completing repayment. Negative aspects of the liberalizing of cooperatives Consequently, the immediate impact on most co-operatives was mainly negative. The elected leaders abused the freedom bestowed on them and to the detriment of many cooperative societies. Corruption cases; gross mismanagement by officials; theft of operative resources; split of viable co-operatives into small uneconomic units; failure by employers to surrender members’ deposits to co-operatives (particularly Cacaos); failure to hold elections in co-operatives; favoritism in hiring and dismissal of staff; refusal by co-operative officials to vacate office after being duly voted out; conflict of interest among co-operative officials; endless litigation; unauthorized co- operative investments; and illegal payments to the management committees were increasingly reported in many co-operatives and up to date the trend is till continuing though at a reduced scale. Though there’s a surge of cooperative societies the indication is that up to date there’s recorded numbers of dormant cooperative societies. In 2004, the Kenya Union of Savings and credit cooperatives actually estimated that 42% of the cooperative societies were dormant. The number is still increasing and this isn’t beneficial to the eradication of poverty through employment and innovation. The relative poor performance of agricultural cooperatives could also be attributed to the liberalizing of the co-operative sector without adequately preparing the co-operatives. There’s also the element of over dependence of the agriculture sector, which leads to failure unexpectedly. Liberalizing has brought about immense changes in the cooperative movement. The Kenya National Federation of Cooperatives was the national apex of cooperative movements in Kenya. Its dominance declined drastically due to corruption and mismanagement reason being that poor management over the years saw KNIFE deviate from its core business into other activities, such as auditing, education and training as well as research and consultancy. Such activities were already being performed by some of its members, and subsequently KNIFE ended up competing with some of its members hat were offering the same services to the cooperative movement. In the circumstances some cooperatives found no reason for being members of a federation that they saw as a competitor. However its quick revival was established in 2005 after the then minister of cooperatives dissolved Knife’s Board of Directors and replaced it with an interim board (Kenya National Federation of Cooperatives, AAA). Interim Board of Directors that was appointed by the Minister in May 2005 immediately embarked upon developing strategies for reform and restructuring to revivalist the organization (Kenya National Federation of Cooperatives, 2007). As a active impact KNIFE has largely been ineffective in representing the cooperative movement during policy and legal processes. As an example, it failed to effectively participate and influence changes to the 1997 Cooperative Societies Act that produced the Cooperative Societies (Amendment) Act, 2004. KNIFE started monopolizing donor support after the ACT had been enacted to hold consultations on the implications of the Act, which was too late to achieve any impact. Perhaps this also explains the absence of cooperatives in national development debates. KNIFE has lacked even up to date the urge to influence policy and legislative debates in Kenya, aging it difficult to improve the visibility of the cooperative movement. This is surely a liberalizing downfall a thing that the paper framework couldn’t expect to happen. As a negative effect liberalizing has reduced government support since autonomy was given to the private sector this free market approach has unfortunately brought to the decline of, the number of trainees from Cooperative college of Kenya. Cooperatives attending the college have been reducing since the liberalizing due to the tremendous reduction in government sponsorship to the cooperative movement for training purposes. Left on their own, most cooperatives, especially in the agricultural sector, have been unable to raise the required fees for their staff to train at the college. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the impact of liberalizing has seen cooperatives survive the market forces and open up more enterprising innovations that secure the welfare of employees. Successfully much legislation has been put in place that is still working up to date and this has helped to attract more members to cooperatives. On the downside corruption is still rampant as the societies grow new schemes are being hatched to hamper the progress of the cooperatives. How to cite Reduced scale, Papers

Moral Relativism justified free essay sample

Every man in this world defends his concepts of what is morally right or what is morally wrong, otherwise known as ethics. If ethics wasnt studied or systematized, concepts that shape our every day life would be questioned with lack of knowledge, just as if any other scholarly subject wasnt studied such as math or English. Albert Camus once stated, A man without ethics is a wild beast loosed upon this world. According to Benedicts A Defense of Moral Relativism, every culture has to draw a line between what is normal and what is abnormal. The line between normality and bnormality has to be distinguished in order to understand others in that same culture. For example, noises that people in American culture make. If a girl takes a large, deep, disappointed sigh after climbing out of bed, we would infer that she is just tired or doesnt want to wake yet. We will write a custom essay sample on Moral Relativism justified or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In our culture, we would not find a noise or reaction like that relevant. However, then a boy asked that girl on a date, and she responded with the same big, disappointed sigh as earlier. That boy would then hopefully understand that her disappointed sigh is probably not a yes. Some noises nd gestures we make are not relevant to a conversation or any part of communication in a normal daily routine, while that same noise or gesture can be used to portray a feeling or response without even having to use words. For another example, take a cough. A cough is not used to portray a feeling or used for a means of communication. Benedict says that this is why we have to draw a line between normality and abnormality, so that we as a culture can understand simple conversations, what people are trying to communicate, and be able to respond correctly, or not at all. Benedict states in her argument In so far as a civilization is well integrated and consistent within itself, it will tend to carry farther and farther, according to its nature, its initial impulse toward a particular type of action, and from the point of view of an other culture those elaborations will include more and more extreme and aberrant traits (A Defense of Moral Relativism). By this, Benedict is claiming that a culture begins with a basic preference, and the starting point of that culture is completely arbitrary. Therefore, Benedict forms the conclusion that the istinction between normality and abnormality is culturally relative not universal, not grounded, only preferenced. Rachels argument, The Challenge of Cultural Relativism seems to agree with Benedict on the fact that different cultures have different moral codes, therefore their moral codes determine what is morally wrong and what is morally good, or abnormal and normal. However, Rachels believes that disagreement does not entail a lack of objective truth, forcing at least one person in an argument, or a different culture, to be wrong. Rachels also states that not all ifferences are differences in values. For example, Eskimos place a high value on human life, Just as the American culture does. However, it is common, therefore morally acceptable, for them to abandon a newborn if the family does not have the means or resources to raise it. However, it is not morally acceptable in our culture to abandon a newborn. Hence, Judgment can be esta blisned between the two arguments. Moral relativism is Justified by Benedicts argument, thus making moral relativism Justified by the Cultural Differences Argument. Rachels believes that if elativism were true, trans-cultural criticism would in impossible, making moral progress impossible. For example, our culture believed that women shouldnt be allowed to vote and now they are. Rachels would think that we were once morally wrong and now that we accept women voting, that we are now morally right. He says that this moral progress would be impossible if relativism were true. However, Benedict would argue that our culture thought we were right because we were accepting what we thought was morally true, and that since we now believe ifferently, we Just experienced a change in values. Rachels also deems that at least one person in an argument is wrong, whereas Benedict believes that whatever the individual or culture believes and accepts is true for them, and one opinion doesnt have to necessarily be wrong, but Just different because they have different preferences. Since preferences make up each cultures moral code, then yes, moral relativism is Justified by Benedicts argument, as relativism states that moral claims are true depending on the certain cultures or individuals beliefs, or preferences.